This page is a quick reference, or "cheat sheet", to Asha'ille grammar. For a full discussion of a topic, see the corresponding section of the full grammar description.

Nouns

  • canen woman → canenîm women
  • canen woman → canenîm̤da all women
  • common plural: -(î)m
  • generic plural: -(î)m̤da

Word Order

Subjects and Objects

  • lîsev canen ne ddaiyîth
    the woman reads the book
  • lîsev canen ne chîlseirn
    the woman reads (to) the child
  • lîsev canen ne chîlseirn ne ddaiyîth
    the woman reads (to) the child the book
  • lîsevleith canen
    the woman reads (to) an acquintance
  • lîsev canen chîlseirn
    the woman and child read
  • VSO, with ne between S and O
  • second ne separates direct and indirect objects
  • personal conjugation for indirect object optionally suffixed to verb with -l- (lowercase L)
  • multiple subjects allowed

Adjectival and Adverbial Phrases

  • ve ejhejh lîsev canen
    the woman reads happily
  • lîsev canen ve gir ejhejh
    the woman reads very happily
  • lîsev canen eg gir ejhejh
    the woman reads very happily
  • lîsev canen egik gir ejhejh
    the very happy woman reads
  • lîsev canen vek gir ejhejh kek
    the woman reads when very happy
  • one-word "phrases" may precede the verb
  • multi-word phrases follow S and O
  • eg, ik, ath, ún mark which of V, S, DO, or IO the phrase describes
  • opening v- adverbs have a "closing adverb" that starts with a k- instead

Subordinate Clauses

  • kén chîlseirn ne lîsevon canen
    the child sees the woman reading
  • kén chîlseirn ne lîsevon canen done ddaiyîth
    the child sees the woman reading the book
  • subordinate verb takes -on suffix
  • embedded ne becomes done

Numbered Suffixes