Orthographic

Asha'ille

[1] Cha'mirv tei en'i, t'vesik kén ne sarnim. [2] Sirev edh chi'sarn ne eyoke. [3] Sirev daed sarnim ne cátua vaeleshim. [4] Sirev edh sarn ne sedin. [5] Cha'kén ne von sarnim! [6] Cha'kén ne dove'eyoke von sarnim. [7] Sar, daed; sar, daed; vo, vo!

[8] Mirv sanim vep'cchikivon ne dochil k'. [9] Sirev daed sanim ne chi chirejhenim. [10] Sirev edh san ne fo hishalle. [11] Éjhillev dochil ne kénon done sanim. [12] Jhor'san 'sa fo hishalle t'Mei. [13] Éjhillev Mei ne kénon done jhelle dochil. [14] Di'ay taerev ne dochil vep'kénon done va k'.

[15] Cha'mirv Chimei tei en'i. [16] Vel'neilerish movdisheim. [17] Mov kéndisheim ne hijim. [18] Jhor'hijim t'vae neilerish. [19] Jhor'mleni hiji t'fo. [20] Jhor'daed hijim t'kre fo. [21] Vel'aeg taemovad sar daed. [22] Sirevenim aeg hijim.

[23] Jhor'aeg vam t'vae haláin. [24] Jhor'edh t'ishi va 'sa fo. [25] Virevko n'o. [26] Jhor'no t'vae haláin ve'halaiye. [27] Kénjaer fo va ne sarnim e'kath eyoke. [28] Kénjaer ne chi'san e'kath fo hishalle. [29] Kénjaer ne jhelle dochil t'ishi chirejhen. [30] Kénjaer ne carnen e'kath vae'neilerish. [31] Ojo vel'en i vastavdetim ishi vam?

[32] Sirev chi'san ne fo mmeyen. [33] Ojo jhor'ishi t'no? [34] Mish emalvto sarn Chimei n'o. [35] Cha'mirv Mei, vo kén ne mmeyen seni. [36] Mish asardavad emalv n'o. [37] Vel'neilerish taerevdenilo. [38] Mish emalv ve'jhelle. [39] Ojo jhor'eyoke t'vae mmeyen? [40] Chat'sirevtad n'o. Vik'movishem.

[41] Cha'kén ne ishi apel 'sa fo! [42] Sirev ne jhelle apel 'sa aeg. [43] Jhor'sar t'fo, t'ves jhor'daed t'forín. [44] Arevdenilishe ne fo no. [45] Mïsh daedh sirevni në forín no? [46] Jhiye jhi, yet jhor'sa t'jhelle san. [47] Kén'i ne fo apel 'sa cátua dovae'haláin. [48] Mïsh sirevteni 'sa'te në'o? [49] Jhiye jhi vo, yet kor'gor halaiye.

[50] Jhor'Franko Chimei t'vae neilerish, alunyu tei mmeyen. [51] Mirv vep'bákarav ne emeirjhom. [52] Sirev Mei ne fo emeirjho. [53] Sirev Franko ne forín emeirjhom 'sa aeg. [54] Mish sirevdoto Franko Mei n'om. [55] Vel'mmeyen taerevdo n'om. [56] Éjhillev ne sirevon done ishi emeirjhom.

[57] Cha'mirv sanim! Kén'i ne va'aea. [58] Jhor'chi vam t'vae no. [59] Sar, daed, aeg. [60] Vastavkaerim chi vam. [61] Kor'aerim t'ishi. [62] Vek'cchunun di'arinevdaerim ne ishi. [63] Kor'cátua va t'vik vae'saea. [64] Jhor'a t'vae haláin ve'halaiye. [65] Vek'cchunun mirvdalaerim. [66] Mirv nagovta a aerim.

[67] Veki mov sarnim ne syirún grelle. [68] Vik'jhor vae'saea t'nom. [69] Jhor'vae saea t'kkin mmeyen. [70] T'ves jhor'vae saea t'sarn 'sa eyoke. [71] Veki vae'syirún cchikiv grelle. [72] Veki bákarav ne ishi emeirjhom grelle. [73] Yet bákarav nom ne chi vam 'sa va'aea, jhiye kr'direv n'om. [74] Vek'cchunun movdom vel'cresin. [75] Vel'cresin emalvdom ne mmeyen.

[76] Mïsh emalvtishe Franko en'i tei 'sa'te? [77] Jhiye Chimei, mish asardavteniyad ne mmeyen vilo'en i, yet vékigrelle. [78] Cha'asardavad, cha'arevleni ne hya. [79] Kr'arevdeni ne jhelle kkin ne hya. [80] Vik'vo! [81] Jhor'ápelith haláin t'vae saea, [82] kret'kénkishem ne va'aea 'sa vae'yu.

[83]

Do'llav

[84] Jhor'aeg sarnim daed sanim t'vae saea, [85] 'yu'vae apel haláin 'sa cátua. [86] Sirev edh sarn ne forín eyoke, t'ves vo edh ne hya. [87] Jhor'sarn 'sa'vae fo mmeyen t'Franko. [88] Éjhillev sanim ne kénon done Franko. [89] Viya'no emalvom. [90] Veki mov tei no vel'neilerish t'syirún k' grelle. [91] Mïsh emalv tei 'sa'te Franko? [92] Jhi, asardavad sanim! Jhi daedh vo, sarnim! [93] Cha'asardavad vilo'en i, kén ne movon jhelle kkin. [94] Vik'movdishem vel'syirún vep'bákarav ne emeirjhom [95] t'ves kén ne ishi vam kes kep. [96] Kénjo ne va'aea vae'edh haláin k', [97] kret'voko ne chi vam. [98] Jhiye jhekre kén ne cátua va, [99] yet mirva vep'nagovto ne chi nom k'. [100] Mlireva ne ishi cresin 'sa halaiye 'sa'vae haláin.

English

[1] Come with me, and see the boys. [2] One little boy has a drum. [3] Two boys have big hats. [4] One boy has a ball. [5] See the boys go! [6] See the boys go with the drum. [7] One, two; one, two; drum, drum!

[8] The girls have come to play with the baby. [9] Two girls have little toys. [10] One girl has a red dress. [11] The baby is glad to see the girls. [12] The girl with the red dress is May. [13] May is glad to see the good baby. [14] She will take the baby to see the bird.

[15] Come with me, little May. [16] We will go to the field. [17] We will go and see the cows. [18] The cows are in the field. [19] My cow is red. [20] Two cows are not red. [21] One and two are three. [22] We have three cows.

[23] Three birds are in the tree. [24] One is a pretty red bird. [25] You cannot catch it. [26] It is high in the tree. [27] The red bird can see the boys with the drum. [28] It can see the little girl with the red dress. [29] It can see the good baby and the pretty toy. [30] It can see the man in the field. [31] Pretty birds, will you fly to me?

[32] The little boy has a red wagon. [33] Is it not a pretty one? [34] The boy will let little May ride in it. [35] Come, May, come and see my wagon. [36] You may get in it and have a ride. [37] I will take you with me to the fields. [38] You may have a good ride. [39] Is the drum in the wagon? [40] Let me get it. Now we will go.

[41] See my pretty red apple! [42] I have three good apples. [43] One is red, and two are yellow. [44] I will give you the red one. [45] May I have a yellow one, too? [46] Yes, if you are a good girl. [47] I see a big red apple in the tree. [48] Will you let me get it? [49] Yes, you may if it is not too high.

[50] Frank and little May are in the field with the wagon. [51] They have come to find flowers. [52] May has a red flower. [53] Frank has three yellow flowers. [54] He will let May have them. [55] She will take them to the wagon. [56] She is glad to get the pretty flowers.

[57] Come here, girls! I see a nest. [58] Little birds are in it. [59] One, two, three. [60] The little birds cannot fly. [61] They are not pretty. [62] They will get pretty by and by. [63] The big bird is not here now. [64] She is high in the apple tree. [65] She will come to them by and by. [66] She will come and feed them.

[67] The boys like to go to the woods. [68] Here they are now. [69] Here are the horse and the wagon. [70] And here is the boy with the drum. [71] They like to play in the woods. [72] They like to find pretty flowers. [73] If they find little birds in a nest, they will not take them. [74] By and by they will go home. [75] They will ride home in the wagon.

[76] Will you let me ride home with you, Frank? [77] Yes, May, you may sit by me in the wagon if you like. [78] Get in, and give me the whip. [79] I will not whip the good horse. [80] Now, here we go! [81] Here is the apple tree, [82] but we cannot see the nest in it.

[83]

Review

[84] Here are three boys and two girls [85] by the big apple tree. [86] One boy has a yellow drum and one has a whip. [87] The boy in the red wagon is Frank. [88] The girls are glad to see Frank. [89] He will give them a ride. [90] They like to go with him to the fields and the woods. [91] May we ride with you, Frank? [92] Yes, girls, get in! And you too, boys! [93] Sit by me and see the good horse go. [94] Now we will go to the woods to find flowers [95] and see the pretty birds. [96] In one tree you can see a nest, [97] but you can not see the little birds. [98] You may see the big bird [99] if she comes to feed the little ones. [100] She has a pretty home high in the tree.

Parts of Speech Legend

Q
 
adj
adjective
adv
adverb
conj
conjunction
cop
copula
epen
 
mi
modifier
n
noun
nom
 
part
particle
phr
phrase
pl
plural
poss
 
pro
pro-form
prsn
person
tns
tense
v
verb

Interlinear

orthographic version
morphemic breakdown
IPA pronunciation
part of speech
English translation
Cha'mirv tei en'i, t'vesik kén ne sarnim.
cha- mirv tei en'i te vesik kénillev ne sarn -im
ʧɑ miɹv te ɛnːˈi ˈvɛsɪk ˈkɛnɪlɛv sɑɹn mˈ̩
v conj pro conj adv v mi n pl
IMP come with SELF and THEN: see OBJ: boy PL
Come with me, and see the boys.
Sirev edh chi'sarn ne eyoke.
sirev edh chi- sarn ne eyoke
sɪˈɹɛv ɛð ʧi sɑɹn ɛˈjokɛ
v adj adj n mi n
have this DIM boy OBJ: drum
One little boy has a drum.
Sirev daed sarnim ne cátua vaeleshim.
sirev daed sarn -im ne cátua vaelesh -im
sɪˈɹɛv ded sɑɹn mˈ̩ ˈkɑtu.ɑ ˈvelɛʃ mˈ̩
v adj n pl mi adj n pl
have two boy PL OBJ: big hat PL
Two boys have big hats.
Sirev edh sarn ne sedin.
sirev edh sarn ne sedin
sɪˈɹɛv ɛð sɑɹn ˈsɛdɪn
v adj n mi n
have this boy OBJ: ball
One boy has a ball.
Cha'kén ne von sarnim!
cha- kénillev ne vo -on sarn -im
ʧɑ ˈkɛnɪlɛv vo on sɑɹn mˈ̩
v mi pro n n pl
IMP see OBJ: PRO-VERB :N boy PL
See the boys go!
Cha'kén ne dove'eyoke von sarnim.
cha- kénillev ne do- ve eyoke vo -on sarn -im
ʧɑ ˈkɛnɪlɛv do ɛˈjokɛ vo on sɑɹn mˈ̩
v mi adv n pro n n pl
IMP see OBJ: RE ADV: drum PRO-VERB :N boy PL
See the boys go with the drum.
Sar, daed; sar, daed; vo, vo!
sar daed sar daed vo vo
sɑɹ ded sɑɹ ded vo vo
adj adj adj adj pro pro
one two one two PRO-VERB PRO-VERB
One, two; one, two; drum, drum!
Mirv sanim vep'cchikivon ne dochil k'.
mirv san -im vep cchikiv -on ne dochil kep
miɹv sɑn mˈ̩ vɛp ʧə̆ʧiˈkiv on ˈdoʧil kɛp
v n pl adv v n mi n adv
come girl PL REASON: play :N OBJ: baby :REASON
The girls have come to play with the baby.
Sirev daed sanim ne chi chirejhenim.
sirev daed san -im ne chi chirejhen -im
sɪˈɹɛv ded sɑn mˈ̩ ʧi ʧiˈɹɛʒɛn mˈ̩
v adj n pl mi adj n pl
have two girl PL OBJ: small toy PL
Two girls have little toys.
Sirev edh san ne fo hishalle.
sirev edh san ne fo hishalle
sɪˈɹɛv ɛð sɑn fo hiˈʃɑl
v adj n mi adj n
have this girl OBJ: red dress
One girl has a red dress.
Éjhillev dochil ne kénon done sanim.
éjhillev dochil ne kénillev -on do- ne san -im
ˈɛʒɪlɛv ˈdoʧil ˈkɛnɪlɛv on do sɑn mˈ̩
v n mi v n mi n pl
enjoy baby OBJ: see :N RE OBJ: girl PL
The baby is glad to see the girls.
Jhor'san 'sa fo hishalle t'Mei.
jhor- san alun- -sa fo hishalle te mei
ʒoɹ sɑn ɑˈlun fo hiˈʃɑl
cop n mi mi adj n conj
EQUIV: girl PREV 1 red dress and ??
The girl with the red dress is May.
Éjhillev Mei ne kénon done jhelle dochil.
éjhillev mei ne kénillev -on do- ne jhelle dochil
ˈɛʒɪlɛv ˈkɛnɪlɛv on do ʒɛl ˈdoʧil
v mi v n mi adj n
enjoy ?? OBJ: see :N RE OBJ: good baby
May is glad to see the good baby.
Di'ay taerev ne dochil vep'kénon done va k'.
di'ay taerev ne dochil vep kénillev -on do- ne va kep
diˈʔɑi ˈteɹɛv ˈdoʧil vɛp ˈkɛnɪlɛv on do kɛp
tns v mi n adv v n mi n adv
FUT bring OBJ: baby REASON: see :N RE OBJ: bird :REASON
She will take the baby to see the bird.
Cha'mirv Chimei tei en'i.
cha- mirv chi- mei tei en'i
ʧɑ miɹv ʧi te ɛnːˈi
v adj conj pro
IMP come DIM ?? with SELF
Come with me, little May.
Vel'neilerish movdisheim.
vel neilerish mov -d- -ishe -im
vɛl neˈlɛɹɪʃ mov d ˈɪʃɛ mˈ̩
adv n v tns prsn pl
TOWARD: fields go FUT (close friend) PL
We will go to the field.
Mov kéndisheim ne hijim.
mov kénillev -d- -ishe -im ne hiji -im
mov ˈkɛnɪlɛv d ˈɪʃɛ mˈ̩ ˈhiʤi mˈ̩
v v tns prsn pl mi n pl
go see FUT (close friend) PL OBJ: cow PL
We will go and see the cows.
Jhor'hijim t'vae neilerish.
jhor- hiji -im te vae neilerish
ʒoɹ ˈhiʤi mˈ̩ ve neˈlɛɹɪʃ
cop n pl conj adv n
EQUIV: cow PL and WHERE: fields
The cows are in the field.
Jhor'mleni hiji t'fo.
jhor- ml-ml -ni hiji te fo
ʒoɹ ml ni ˈhiʤi fo
cop prsn n conj adj
EQUIV: POS (self) cow and red
My cow is red.
Jhor'daed hijim t'kre fo.
jhor- daed hiji -im te kre fo
ʒoɹ ded ˈhiʤi mˈ̩ kɹɛ fo
cop adj n pl conj adj adj
EQUIV: two cow PL and NEG: red
Two cows are not red.
Vel'aeg taemovad sar daed.
vel aeg taemov -ad sar daed
vɛl teˈmov ɑd sɑɹ ded
adv adj v nom adj adj
TOWARD: three be accompanied REFL one two
One and two are three.
Sirevenim aeg hijim.
sirev -ni -im aeg hiji -im
sɪˈɹɛv ni mˈ̩ ˈhiʤi mˈ̩
v prsn pl adj n pl
have (self) PL three cow PL
We have three cows.
Jhor'aeg vam t'vae haláin.
jhor- aeg va -im te vae haláin
ʒoɹ mˈ̩ ve hɑˈlɑin
cop adj n pl conj adv n
EQUIV: three bird PL and WHERE: tree
Three birds are in the tree.
Jhor'edh t'ishi va 'sa fo.
jhor- edh te ishi va alun- -sa fo
ʒoɹ ɛð ˈiʃi ɑˈlun fo
cop adj conj adj n mi mi adj
EQUIV: this and pretty bird PREV 1 red
One is a pretty red bird.
Virevko n'o.
virev -k- -o ne no
vɪˈɹɛv k ɔ no
v part epen mi n
catch unable (NULL) OBJ: it
You cannot catch it.
Jhor'no t'vae haláin ve'halaiye.
jhor- no te vae haláin ve halaiye
ʒoɹ no ve hɑˈlɑin hɑˈlɑijɛ
cop n conj adv n adv adj
EQUIV: it and WHERE: tree ADV: tall
It is high in the tree.
Kénjaer fo va ne sarnim e'kath eyoke.
kénillev -j- -aer fo va ne sarn -im egikath eyoke
ˈkɛnɪlɛv ʤ fo sɑɹn mˈ̩ ˈɛɡɪkɑθ ɛˈjokɛ
v part pro adj n mi n pl mi n
see able 3SU red bird OBJ: boy PL DO: drum
The red bird can see the boys with the drum.
Kénjaer ne chi'san e'kath fo hishalle.
kénillev -j- -aer ne chi- san egikath fo hishalle
ˈkɛnɪlɛv ʤ ʧi sɑn ˈɛɡɪkɑθ fo hiˈʃɑl
v part pro mi adj n mi adj n
see able 3SU OBJ: DIM girl DO: red dress
It can see the little girl with the red dress.
Kénjaer ne jhelle dochil t'ishi chirejhen.
kénillev -j- -aer ne jhelle dochil te ishi chirejhen
ˈkɛnɪlɛv ʤ ʒɛl ˈdoʧil ˈiʃi ʧiˈɹɛʒɛn
v part pro mi adj n conj adj n
see able 3SU OBJ: good baby and pretty toy
It can see the good baby and the pretty toy.
Kénjaer ne carnen e'kath vae'neilerish.
kénillev -j- -aer ne carnen egikath vae neilerish
ˈkɛnɪlɛv ʤ ˈcɑɹnɛn ˈɛɡɪkɑθ ve neˈlɛɹɪʃ
v part pro mi n mi adv n
see able 3SU OBJ: man DO: WHERE: fields
It can see the man in the field.
Ojo vel'en i vastavdetim ishi vam?
ojo vel en'i vastav -d- -et -im ishi va -im
ˈoʤo vɛl ɛnːˈi vɑsˈtɑv d ɛt mˈ̩ ˈiʃi mˈ̩
adv pro v tns prsn pl adj n pl
Y/N TOWARD: SELF fly FUT 2S PL pretty bird PL
Pretty birds, will you fly to me?
Sirev chi'san ne fo mmeyen.
sirev chi- san ne fo mmeyen
sɪˈɹɛv ʧi sɑn fo mə̆ˈmɛjɛn
v adj n mi adj n
have DIM girl OBJ: red wagon
The little boy has a red wagon.
Ojo jhor'ishi t'no?
ojo jhor- ishi te no
ˈoʤo ʒoɹ ˈiʃi no
cop adj conj n
Y/N EQUIV: pretty and it
Is it not a pretty one?
Mish emalvto sarn Chimei n'o.
mish emalv -t- -o sarn chimei ne no
miʃ ɛˈmɑlv t ɔ sɑɹn no
v part epen n mi n
may ride CAUS (NULL) boy ?? OBJ: it
The boy will let little May ride in it.
Cha'mirv Mei, vo kén ne mmeyen seni.
cha- mirv mei vo kénillev ne mmeyen s- -ni
ʧɑ miɹv vo ˈkɛnɪlɛv mə̆ˈmɛjɛn s ni
v pro v mi n poss prsn
IMP come ?? PRO-VERB see OBJ: wagon POSS: (self)
Come, May, come and see my wagon.
Mish asardavad emalv n'o.
mish asardav -ad emalv ne no
miʃ ɑsɑɹˈdɑv ɑd ɛˈmɑlv no
v nom v mi n
may add REFL ride OBJ: it
You may get in it and have a ride.
Vel'neilerish taerevdenilo.
vel neilerish taerev -d- -ni -l- -o
vɛl neˈlɛɹɪʃ ˈteɹɛv d ni l ɔ
adv n v tns prsn part epen
TOWARD: fields bring FUT (self) DO (NULL)
I will take you with me to the fields.
Mish emalv ve'jhelle.
mish emalv ve jhelle
miʃ ɛˈmɑlv ʒɛl
v adv adj
may ride ADV: good
You may have a good ride.
Ojo jhor'eyoke t'vae mmeyen?
ojo jhor- eyoke te vae mmeyen
ˈoʤo ʒoɹ ɛˈjokɛ ve mə̆ˈmɛjɛn
cop n conj adv n
Y/N EQUIV: drum and WHERE: wagon
Is the drum in the wagon?
Chat'sirevtad n'o. Vik'movishem.
chat- sirev -t- -ad ne no vik mov -ishe -im
ʧɑt sɪˈɹɛv t ɑd no vɪk mov ˈɪʃɛ mˈ̩
v part nom mi n adv v prsn pl
let's have CAUS REFL OBJ: it NOW: go (close friend) PL
Let me get it. Now we will go.
Cha'kén ne ishi apel 'sa fo!
cha- kénillev ne ishi apel alun- -sa fo
ʧɑ ˈkɛnɪlɛv ˈiʃi ˈɑpɛl ɑˈlun fo
v mi adj n mi mi adj
IMP see OBJ: pretty apple PREV 1 red
See my pretty red apple!
Sirev ne jhelle apel 'sa aeg.
sirev ne jhelle apel alun- -sa aeg
sɪˈɹɛv ʒɛl ˈɑpɛl ɑˈlun
v mi adj n mi mi adj
have OBJ: good apple PREV 1 three
I have three good apples.
Jhor'sar t'fo, t'ves jhor'daed t'forín.
jhor- sar te fo te ves jhor- daed te forín
ʒoɹ sɑɹ fo vɛs ʒoɹ ded foˈɹin
cop adj conj adj conj adv cop adj conj adj
EQUIV: one and red and WHILE: EQUIV: two and yellow
One is red, and two are yellow.
Arevdenilishe ne fo no.
arev -d- -ni -l- -ishe ne fo no
ɑˈɹɛv d ni l ˈɪʃɛ fo no
v tns prsn part prsn mi adj n
give FUT (self) DO (close friend) OBJ: red it
I will give you the red one.
Mïsh daedh sirevni forín no?
mish " daedh sirev -ni ne " forín no
miʃ deð sɪˈɹɛv ni foˈɹin no
Q v prsn mi Q adj n
may Q (ablaut) also have (self) OBJ: Q (ablaut) yellow it
May I have a yellow one, too?
Jhiye jhi, yet jhor'sa t'jhelle san.
jhiye jhi yet jhor- chishél -sa te jhelle san
ˈʒijɛ ʒi jɛt ʒoɹ ʧɪˈʃɛl ʒɛl sɑn
mi cop n mi conj adj n
then yes if EQUIV: close friends ring 1 and good girl
Yes, if you are a good girl.
Kén'i ne fo apel 'sa cátua dovae'haláin.
kénillev -ni ne fo apel alun- -sa cátua do- vae haláin
ˈkɛnɪlɛv ni fo ˈɑpɛl ɑˈlun ˈkɑtu.ɑ do ve hɑˈlɑin
v prsn mi adj n mi mi adj adv n
see (self) OBJ: red apple PREV 1 big RE WHERE: tree
I see a big red apple in the tree.
Mïsh sirevteni 'sa'te në'o?
mish " sirev -t- -ni chishél -sa -te ne " no
miʃ sɪˈɹɛv t ni ʧɪˈʃɛl te no
Q v part prsn n mi mi Q n
may Q (ablaut) have CAUS (self) close friends ring 1 POL OBJ: Q (ablaut) it
Will you let me get it?
Jhiye jhi vo, yet kor'gor halaiye.
jhiye jhi vo yet kor-gor halaiye
ˈʒijɛ ʒi vo jɛt hɑˈlɑijɛ
mi pro adj
then yes PRO-VERB if ?? tall
Yes, you may if it is not too high.
Jhor'Franko Chimei t'vae neilerish, alunyu tei mmeyen.
jhor- franko chi- mei te vae neilerish alun- -yu tei mmeyen
ʒoɹ ʧi ve neˈlɛɹɪʃ ɑˈlun ju te mə̆ˈmɛjɛn
cop adj conj adv n mi mi conj n
EQUIV: ?? DIM ?? and WHERE: fields PREV phrase with wagon
Frank and little May are in the field with the wagon.
Mirv vep'bákarav ne emeirjhom.
mirv vep bákarav ne emeirjho -im
miɹv vɛp ˈbɑkɑɹɑv ɛˈmeɹʒo mˈ̩
v adv v mi n pl
come REASON: search for OBJ: flower PL
They have come to find flowers.
Sirev Mei ne fo emeirjho.
sirev mei ne fo emeirjho
sɪˈɹɛv fo ɛˈmeɹʒo
v mi adj n
have ?? OBJ: red flower
May has a red flower.
Sirev Franko ne forín emeirjhom 'sa aeg.
sirev franko ne forín emeirjho -im alun- -sa aeg
sɪˈɹɛv foˈɹin ɛˈmeɹʒo mˈ̩ ɑˈlun
v mi adj n pl mi mi adj
have ?? OBJ: yellow flower PL PREV 1 three
Frank has three yellow flowers.
Mish sirevdoto Franko Mei n'om.
mish sirev -d- -o -t- -o franko mei ne no -im
miʃ sɪˈɹɛv d ɔ t ɔ no mˈ̩
v tns epen part epen mi n pl
may have FUT (NULL) CAUS (NULL) ?? ?? OBJ: it PL
He will let May have them.
Vel'mmeyen taerevdo n'om.
vel mmeyen taerev -d- -o ne no -im
vɛl mə̆ˈmɛjɛn ˈteɹɛv d ɔ no mˈ̩
adv n v tns epen mi n pl
TOWARD: wagon bring FUT (NULL) OBJ: it PL
She will take them to the wagon.
Éjhillev ne sirevon done ishi emeirjhom.
éjhillev ne sirev -on do- ne ishi emeirjho -im
ˈɛʒɪlɛv sɪˈɹɛv on do ˈiʃi ɛˈmeɹʒo mˈ̩
v mi v n mi adj n pl
enjoy OBJ: have :N RE OBJ: pretty flower PL
She is glad to get the pretty flowers.
Cha'mirv sanim! Kén'i ne va'aea.
cha- mirv san -im kénillev -ni ne va'aea
ʧɑ miɹv sɑn mˈ̩ ˈkɛnɪlɛv ni vɑˈʔe.ɑ
v n pl v prsn mi
IMP come girl PL see (self) OBJ: nest
Come here, girls! I see a nest.
Jhor'chi vam t'vae no.
jhor- chi va -im te vae no
ʒoɹ ʧi mˈ̩ ve no
cop adj n pl conj adv n
EQUIV: small bird PL and WHERE: it
Little birds are in it.
Sar, daed, aeg.
sar daed aeg
sɑɹ ded
adj adj adj
one two three
One, two, three.
Vastavkaerim chi vam.
vastav -k- -aer -im chi va -im
vɑsˈtɑv k mˈ̩ ʧi mˈ̩
v part pro pl adj n pl
fly unable 3SU PL small bird PL
The little birds cannot fly.
Kor'aerim t'ishi.
kor- -aer -im te ishi
koɹ mˈ̩ ˈiʃi
cop pro pl conj adj
NOT-EQUIV: 3SU PL and pretty
They are not pretty.
Vek'cchunun di'arinevdaerim ne ishi.
vek cchunun di'arinev -d- -aer -im ne ishi
vɛk ʧə̆ˈʧunun diˈʔɑɹɪnɛv d mˈ̩ ˈiʃi
adv adv v tns pro pl mi adj
WHEN: in time become FUT 3SU PL OBJ: pretty
They will get pretty by and by.
Kor'cátua va t'vik vae'saea.
kor- cátua va te vik vae saea
koɹ ˈkɑtu.ɑ vɪk ve ˈse.ɑ
cop adj n conj adv adv n
NOT-EQUIV: big bird and NOW: WHERE: here
The big bird is not here now.
Jhor'a t'vae haláin ve'halaiye.
jhor- a te vae haláin ve halaiye
ʒoɹ ɑ ve hɑˈlɑin hɑˈlɑijɛ
cop pro conj adv n adv adj
EQUIV: 3SF and WHERE: tree ADV: tall
She is high in the apple tree.
Vek'cchunun mirvdalaerim.
vek cchunun mirv -d- -a -l- -aer -im
vɛk ʧə̆ˈʧunun miɹv d ɑ l mˈ̩
adv adv v tns prsn part pro pl
WHEN: in time come FUT 3SF DO 3SU PL
She will come to them by and by.
Mirv nagovta a aerim.
mirv nagov -t- -a a aer -im
miɹv nɑˈɡov t ɑ ɑ mˈ̩
v v part prsn pro pro pl
come eat CAUS 3SF 3SF 3SU PL
She will come and feed them.
Veki mov sarnim ne syirún grelle.
veki...grelle mov sarn -im ne syirún
ˈvɛki ˈɡɹɛl mov sɑɹn mˈ̩ sjɪˈɹun
phr v n pl mi n
someone likes go boy PL OBJ: forest
The boys like to go to the woods.
Vik'jhor vae'saea t'nom.
vik jhor- vae saea te no -im
vɪk ʒoɹ ve ˈse.ɑ no mˈ̩
adv cop adv n conj n pl
NOW: EQUIV: WHERE: here and it PL
Here they are now.
Jhor'vae saea t'kkin mmeyen.
jhor- vae saea tekkin mmeyen
ʒoɹ ve ˈse.ɑ mə̆ˈmɛjɛn
cop adv n n
EQUIV: WHERE: here ?? wagon
Here are the horse and the wagon.
T'ves jhor'vae saea t'sarn 'sa eyoke.
te ves jhor- vae saea te sarn alun- -sa eyoke
vɛs ʒoɹ ve ˈse.ɑ sɑɹn ɑˈlun ɛˈjokɛ
conj adv cop adv n conj n mi mi n
and WHILE: EQUIV: WHERE: here and boy PREV 1 drum
And here is the boy with the drum.
Veki vae'syirún cchikiv grelle.
veki...grelle vae syirún cchikiv
ˈvɛki ˈɡɹɛl ve sjɪˈɹun ʧə̆ʧiˈkiv
phr adv n v
someone likes WHERE: forest play
They like to play in the woods.
Veki bákarav ne ishi emeirjhom grelle.
veki...grelle bákarav ne ishi emeirjho -im
ˈvɛki ˈɡɹɛl ˈbɑkɑɹɑv ˈiʃi ɛˈmeɹʒo mˈ̩
phr v mi adj n pl
someone likes search for OBJ: pretty flower PL
They like to find pretty flowers.
Yet bákarav nom ne chi vam 'sa va'aea, jhiye kr'direv n'om.
yet bákarav no -im ne chi va -im alun- -sa va'aea jhiye kre direv ne no -im
jɛt ˈbɑkɑɹɑv no mˈ̩ ʧi mˈ̩ ɑˈlun vɑˈʔe.ɑ ˈʒijɛ kɹɛ dɪˈɹɛv no mˈ̩
v n pl mi adj n pl mi mi mi adj v mi n pl
if search for it PL OBJ: small bird PL PREV 1 nest then NEG: take OBJ: it PL
If they find little birds in a nest, they will not take them.
Vek'cchunun movdom vel'cresin.
vek cchunun mov -d- -o -im vel cresin
vɛk ʧə̆ˈʧunun mov d ɔ mˈ̩ vɛl ˈkɹɛsɪn
adv adv v tns epen pl adv n
WHEN: in time go FUT (NULL) PL TOWARD: home
By and by they will go home.
Vel'cresin emalvdom ne mmeyen.
vel cresin emalv -d- -o -im ne mmeyen
vɛl ˈkɹɛsɪn ɛˈmɑlv d ɔ mˈ̩ mə̆ˈmɛjɛn
adv n v tns epen pl mi n
TOWARD: home ride FUT (NULL) PL OBJ: wagon
They will ride home in the wagon.
Mïsh emalvtishe Franko en'i tei 'sa'te?
mish " emalv -t- -ishe franko en'i tei chishél -sa -te
miʃ ɛˈmɑlv t ˈɪʃɛ ɛnːˈi te ʧɪˈʃɛl te
Q v part prsn pro conj n mi
may Q (ablaut) ride CAUS (close friend) ?? SELF with close friends ring 1 POL
Will you let me ride home with you, Frank?
Jhiye Chimei, mish asardavteniyad ne mmeyen vilo'en i, yet vékigrelle.
jhiye chimei mish asardav -t- -ni -ad ne mmeyen vilo en'i yet veki...grelle
ˈʒijɛ miʃ ɑsɑɹˈdɑv t ni ɑd mə̆ˈmɛjɛn ˈvilo ɛnːˈi jɛt ˈvɛki ˈɡɹɛl
mi v part prsn nom mi n adv pro phr
then ?? may add CAUS (self) REFL OBJ: wagon NEAR: SELF if someone likes
Yes, May, you may sit by me in the wagon if you like.
Cha'asardavad, cha'arevleni ne hya.
cha- asardav -ad cha- arev -l- -ni ne hya
ʧɑ ɑsɑɹˈdɑv ɑd ʧɑ ɑˈɹɛv l ni hjɑ
v nom v part prsn mi n
IMP add REFL IMP give DO (self) OBJ: whip
Get in, and give me the whip.
Kr'arevdeni ne jhelle kkin ne hya.
kre arev -d- -ni ne jhelle kkin ne hya
kɹɛ ɑˈɹɛv d ni ʒɛl kə̆ˈkin hjɑ
adj v tns prsn mi adj n mi n
NEG: give FUT (self) OBJ: good bird mount OBJ: whip
I will not whip the good horse.
Vik'vo!
vik vo
vɪk vo
adv pro
NOW: PRO-VERB
Now, here we go!
Jhor'ápelith haláin t'vae saea,
jhor- apel -ith haláin te vae saea
ʒoɹ ˈɑpɛl ɪθ hɑˈlɑin ve ˈse.ɑ
cop n adj n conj adv n
EQUIV: apple ADJ tree and WHERE: here
Here is the apple tree,
kret'kénkishem ne va'aea 'sa vae'yu.
kret kénillev -k- -ishe -im ne va'aea alun- -sa vae alun- -yu
kɹɛt ˈkɛnɪlɛv k ˈɪʃɛ mˈ̩ vɑˈʔe.ɑ ɑˈlun ve ɑˈlun ju
conj v part prsn pl mi mi mi adv mi mi
but see unable (close friend) PL OBJ: nest PREV 1 WHERE: PREV phrase
but we cannot see the nest in it.
Do'llav
do'llav
dolə̆ˈlɑv
v
review
Review
Jhor'aeg sarnim daed sanim t'vae saea,
jhor- aeg sarn -im daed san -im te vae saea
ʒoɹ sɑɹn mˈ̩ ded sɑn mˈ̩ ve ˈse.ɑ
cop adj n pl adj n pl conj adv n
EQUIV: three boy PL two girl PL and WHERE: here
Here are three boys and two girls
'yu'vae apel haláin 'sa cátua.
alun- -yu vae apel haláin alun- -sa cátua
ɑˈlun ju ve ˈɑpɛl hɑˈlɑin ɑˈlun ˈkɑtu.ɑ
mi mi adv n n mi mi adj
PREV phrase WHERE: apple tree PREV 1 big
by the big apple tree.
Sirev edh sarn ne forín eyoke, t'ves vo edh ne hya.
sirev edh sarn ne forín eyoke te ves vo edh ne hya
sɪˈɹɛv ɛð sɑɹn foˈɹin ɛˈjokɛ vɛs vo ɛð hjɑ
v adj n mi adj n conj adv pro adj mi n
have this boy OBJ: yellow drum and WHILE: PRO-VERB this OBJ: whip
One boy has a yellow drum and one has a whip.
Jhor'sarn 'sa'vae fo mmeyen t'Franko.
jhor- sarn alun- -sa vae fo mmeyen te franko
ʒoɹ sɑɹn ɑˈlun ve fo mə̆ˈmɛjɛn
cop n mi mi adv adj n conj
EQUIV: boy PREV 1 WHERE: red wagon and ??
The boy in the red wagon is Frank.
Éjhillev sanim ne kénon done Franko.
éjhillev san -im ne kénillev -on do- ne franko
ˈɛʒɪlɛv sɑn mˈ̩ ˈkɛnɪlɛv on do
v n pl mi v n mi
enjoy girl PL OBJ: see :N RE OBJ: ??
The girls are glad to see Frank.
Viya'no emalvom.
viya no emalv -o -im
ˈvijɑ no ɛˈmɑlv ɔ mˈ̩
adv n v epen pl
ENABLER it ride (NULL) PL
He will give them a ride.
Veki mov tei no vel'neilerish t'syirún k' grelle.
veki...grelle mov tei no vel neilerish te syirún kel
ˈvɛki ˈɡɹɛl mov te no vɛl neˈlɛɹɪʃ sjɪˈɹun kɛl
phr v conj n adv n conj n adv
someone likes go with it TOWARD: fields and forest :TOWARD
They like to go with him to the fields and the woods.
Mïsh emalv tei 'sa'te Franko?
mish " emalv tei chishél -sa -te franko
miʃ ɛˈmɑlv te ʧɪˈʃɛl te
Q v conj n mi
may Q (ablaut) ride with close friends ring 1 POL ??
May we ride with you, Frank?
Jhi, asardavad sanim! Jhi daedh vo, sarnim!
jhi asardav -ad san -im jhi daedh vo sarn -im
ʒi ɑsɑɹˈdɑv ɑd sɑn mˈ̩ ʒi deð vo sɑɹn mˈ̩
v nom n pl pro n pl
yes add REFL girl PL yes also PRO-VERB boy PL
Yes, girls, get in! And you too, boys!
Cha'asardavad vilo'en i, kén ne movon jhelle kkin.
cha- asardav -ad vilo en'i kénillev ne mov -on jhelle kkin
ʧɑ ɑsɑɹˈdɑv ɑd ˈvilo ɛnːˈi ˈkɛnɪlɛv mov on ʒɛl kə̆ˈkin
v nom adv pro v mi v n adj n
IMP add REFL NEAR: SELF see OBJ: go :N good bird mount
Sit by me and see the good horse go.
Vik'movdishem vel'syirún vep'bákarav ne emeirjhom
vik mov -d- -ishe -im vel syirún vep bákarav ne emeirjho -im
vɪk mov d ˈɪʃɛ mˈ̩ vɛl sjɪˈɹun vɛp ˈbɑkɑɹɑv ɛˈmeɹʒo mˈ̩
adv v tns prsn pl adv n adv v mi n pl
NOW: go FUT (close friend) PL TOWARD: forest REASON: search for OBJ: flower PL
Now we will go to the woods to find flowers
t'ves kén ne ishi vam kes kep.
te ves kénillev ne ishi va -im kes kep
vɛs ˈkɛnɪlɛv ˈiʃi mˈ̩ kɛs kɛp
conj adv v mi adj n pl adv adv
and WHILE: see OBJ: pretty bird PL :WHILE :REASON
and see the pretty birds.
Kénjo ne va'aea vae'edh haláin k',
kénillev -j- -o ne va'aea vae edh haláin kae
ˈkɛnɪlɛv ʤ ɔ vɑˈʔe.ɑ ve ɛð hɑˈlɑin ke
v part epen mi adv adj n adv
see able (NULL) OBJ: nest WHERE: this tree :WHERE
In one tree you can see a nest,
kret'voko ne chi vam.
kret vo -k- -o ne chi va -im
kɹɛt vo k ɔ ʧi mˈ̩
conj pro part epen mi adj n pl
but PRO-VERB unable (NULL) OBJ: small bird PL
but you can not see the little birds.
Jhiye jhekre kén ne cátua va,
jhiye jhekre kénillev ne cátua va
ˈʒijɛ ˈkɛnɪlɛv ˈkɑtu.ɑ
mi v mi adj n
then ?? see OBJ: big bird
You may see the big bird
yet mirva vep'nagovto ne chi nom k'.
yet mirv -a vep nagov -t- -o ne chi no -im kep
jɛt miɹv ɑ vɛp nɑˈɡov t ɔ ʧi no mˈ̩ kɛp
v prsn adv v part epen mi adj n pl adv
if come 3SF REASON: eat CAUS (NULL) OBJ: small it PL :REASON
if she comes to feed the little ones.
Mlireva ne ishi cresin 'sa halaiye 'sa'vae haláin.
mlirev -a ne ishi cresin alun- -sa halaiye alun- -sa vae haláin
mlɪˈɹɛv ɑ ˈiʃi ˈkɹɛsɪn ɑˈlun hɑˈlɑijɛ ɑˈlun ve hɑˈlɑin
v prsn mi adj n mi mi adj mi mi adv n
have 3SF OBJ: pretty home PREV 1 tall PREV 1 WHERE: tree
She has a pretty home high in the tree.