Orthographic
Asha'ille
[1] 16 Eyen'lle
[2] Sirev Su ne chirejhen. [3] Sirevec ne biya hishalle. [4] Mish sirevteith Su erú so'An ne chirejhen, [5] t'vesik ve'hhe ovdeith An n'o. [6] Aljhev Su ne An.[7] 17 Eyen'lle
[8] Jhor'va t'vae haláin. [9] Sireva ne nesaeath va'aea. [10] Jhor'vae va'aea t'car kalagam. [11] Cha'kr sshaghov ne va'aea. [12] Ojo mish virevta va chifilei ne car kalagam sa?[13] 18 Eyen'lle
[14] Jhor'nes t'lorsath va. [15] Lo'mmavaer ne biya tachan. [16] Di'ay kyelsaev ne erú so'Su, t'ves jha'sshav. [17] Illeveith ne lorsath va. [18] Jhi daedh vo en'i.[19] 19 Eyen'lle
[20] Ojo kén ne cchikivon sarnim? [21] Jhi, kén'i n'om. Jhor'car t'nom. [22] Jhor'Tam t'gor ccat 'yu veiak gir mal gyarov. [23] Virevjeith Nat n'o. [24] Éjhni ne cchikiv sarnim.[25] 20 Eyen'lle — Do'llav
[26] Sirev Su ne chirejhen t'lorsath va. [27] Sirev chirejhen seith ne biya hishalle t'chi vaelesh. [28] Illev Su ne Meri, t'vet sirevteith Su erú so'Meri ne chirejhen. [29] Lo'mmav lorsath va ne tachan. [30] Vilo'tachan kyelsaev Su Meri, t'ves di'ay jha'sshav va. [31] Jhor'vam t'vae haláin 'sa vilo'chiruman. [32] Ojo kén n'o? [33] Jhi. Jhor'car t'nom 'sa vae'va aea. [34] Di'ay kr'sshaghov Tam ne va'aea so'va. [35] Jhor'no t'gir jhelle, veia'vo.English
[1] Lesson XVI
[2] Sue has a doll. [3] It has a new dress. [4] She will let Ann hold the doll in her hands, [5] and Ann will fan it. [6] Sue is kind to Ann.[7] Lesson XVII
[8] A bird is in the tree. [9] It has a nest there. [10] The nest has five eggs in it. [11] Do not rob the nest. [12] Will the bird let the cat get her five eggs?[13] Lesson XVIII
[14] This is a pet bird. [15] It lives in a new cage. [16] It will stand on Sue's hand, and sing. [17] Sue loves her pet bird. [18] So do I love it.[19] Lesson XIX
[20] Do you see the boys at play? [21] Yes, I see them; there are five of them. [22] Tom is too fat to run fast. [23] Nat can catch him. [24] I like to see boys play.[25] Lesson XX — Review
[26] Sue has a doll and a pet bird. [27] Her doll has a new dress and a cap. [28] Sue loves Mary, and will let her hold the doll. [29] The pet bird lives in the cage. [30] Sue and Mary will stand by the cage, and the bird will sing. [31] There are birds in the tree by the pond. [32] Can you see them? [33] Yes; there are five of them in a nest. [34] Tom will not rob a bird's nest. [35] He is too kind to do so.Parts of Speech Legend
- adj
- adjective
- adv
- adverb
- conj
- conjunction
- cop
- copula
- mi
- modifier
- n
- noun
- part
- particle
- pl
- plural
- poss
- pro
- pro-form
- prop
- proper name
- prsn
- person
- tns
- tense
- v
- verb
Interlinear
orthographic version |
morphemic breakdown |
IPA pronunciation |
part of speech |
English translation |
[1] 16 | Eyen'lle |
eyen'lle | |
ɛjɛnlə̆ˈlɛ | |
n | |
?? | lesson |
[1] Lesson XVI |
Sirev | Su | ne | chirejhen. |
sirev | Su | ne | chirejhen |
sɪˈɹɛv | su | nɛ | t͡ʃiˈɹɛʒɛn |
v | prop | mi | n |
have | Sue | OBJ: | toy |
Sue has a doll. |
Sirevec | ne | biya | hishalle. | |
sirev | -ec | ne | biya | hishalle |
sɪˈɹɛv | ɛk | nɛ | ˈbijɑ | hiˈʃɑl |
v | prsn | mi | adj | n |
have | 3SN | OBJ: | new | dress |
It has a new dress. |
Mish | sirevteith | Su | erú | so'An | ne | chirejhen, | |||
mish | sirev | -t- | -eith | Su | erú | so- | An | ne | chirejhen |
miʃ | sɪˈɹɛv | t | eθ | su | so | ɑn | nɛ | t͡ʃiˈɹɛʒɛn | |
v | part | prsn | prop | poss | prop | mi | n | ||
may | have | CAUS | acq ring | Sue | ?? | POSS: | Ann | OBJ: | toy |
She will let Ann hold the doll in her hands, |
t'vesik | ve'hhe | ovdeith | An | n'o. | |||||
te | vesik | ve | hhe | ov | -d- | -eith | An | ne | no |
tɛ | ˈvɛsɪk | vɛ | hə̆ˈhɛ | ov | d | eθ | ɑn | nɛ | no |
conj | adv | adv | n | v | tns | prsn | prop | mi | n |
and | THEN: | ADV: | fan | do | FUT | acq ring | Ann | OBJ: | it |
and Ann will fan it. |
Aljhev | Su | ne | An. |
aljhev | Su | ne | An |
ɑlˈʒɛv | su | nɛ | ɑn |
v | prop | mi | prop |
be kind | Sue | OBJ: | Ann |
Sue is kind to Ann. |
[7] 17 | Eyen'lle |
eyen'lle | |
ɛjɛnlə̆ˈlɛ | |
n | |
?? | lesson |
[7] Lesson XVII |
Jhor'va | t'vae | haláin. | ||
jhor- | va | te | vae | haláin |
ʒoɹ | vɑ | tɛ | ve | hɑˈlɑin |
cop | n | conj | adv | n |
EQUIV: | bird | and | WHERE: | tree |
A bird is in the tree. |
Sireva | ne | nesaeath | va'aea. | ||
sirev | -a | ne | nesaea | -ith | va'aea |
sɪˈɹɛv | ɑ | nɛ | nɛˈsɛ.ɑ | ɪθ | vɑˈʔe.ɑ |
v | prsn | mi | n | adj | |
have | 3SF | OBJ: | there | ADJ | nest |
It has a nest there. |
Jhor'vae | va'aea | t'car | kalagam. | |||
jhor- | vae | va'aea | te | car | kalaga | -im |
ʒoɹ | ve | vɑˈʔe.ɑ | tɛ | kɑɹ | kɑˈlɑɡɑ | mˈ̍ |
cop | adv | conj | adj | n | pl | |
EQUIV: | WHERE: | nest | and | five | egg | PL |
The nest has five eggs in it. |
Cha'kr | sshaghov | ne | va'aea. | |
cha- | kre | sshaghov | ne | va'aea |
t͡ʃɑ | kɹɛ | ʃə̆ʃɑˈxov | nɛ | vɑˈʔe.ɑ |
adj | v | mi | ||
IMP | NEG: | steal | OBJ: | nest |
Do not rob the nest. |
Ojo | mish | virevta | va | chifilei | ne | car | kalagam | sa? | ||||
ojo | mish | virev | -t- | -a | va | chifilei | ne | car | kalaga | -im | s- | -a |
ˈod͡ʒo | miʃ | vɪˈɹɛv | t | ɑ | vɑ | t͡ʃɪˈfɪle | nɛ | kɑɹ | kɑˈlɑɡɑ | mˈ̍ | s | ɑ |
v | part | prsn | n | n | mi | adj | n | pl | poss | prsn | ||
Y/N | may | catch | CAUS | 3SF | bird | housecat | OBJ: | five | egg | PL | POSS: | 3SF |
Will the bird let the cat get her five eggs? |
[13] 18 | Eyen'lle |
eyen'lle | |
ɛjɛnlə̆ˈlɛ | |
n | |
?? | lesson |
[13] Lesson XVIII |
Jhor'nes | t'lorsath | va. | ||
jhor- | nes | te | lorsath | va |
ʒoɹ | nɛs | tɛ | vɑ | |
cop | pro | conj | n | |
EQUIV: | this | and | ?? | bird |
This is a pet bird. |
Lo'mmavaer | ne | biya | tachan. | |
lo'mmav | -aer | ne | biya | tachan |
lomə̆ˈmɑv | eɹ | nɛ | ˈbijɑ | ˈtɑt͡ʃɑn |
v | pro | mi | adj | n |
live | 3SU | OBJ: | new | cage |
It lives in a new cage. |
Di'ay | kyelsaev | ne | erú | so'Su, | t'ves | jha'sshav. | ||
di'ay | kyelsaev | ne | erú | so- | Su | te | ves | jha'sshav |
diˈʔɑi | kjɛlˈsev | nɛ | so | su | tɛ | vɛs | ʒɑʃə̆ˈʃɑv | |
tns | v | mi | poss | prop | conj | adv | v | |
FUT | stand | OBJ: | ?? | POSS: | Sue | and | WHILE: | sing |
It will stand on Sue's hand, and sing. |
Illeveith | ne | lorsath | va. | |
illev | -eith | ne | lorsath | va |
iˈlɛv | eθ | nɛ | vɑ | |
v | prsn | mi | n | |
love | acq ring | OBJ: | ?? | bird |
Sue loves her pet bird. |
Jhi | daedh | vo | en'i. |
jhi | daedh | vo | en'i |
ʒi | deð | vo | ɛnːˈi |
pro | pro | ||
yes | also | PRO-VERB | SELF |
So do I love it. |
[19] 19 | Eyen'lle |
eyen'lle | |
ɛjɛnlə̆ˈlɛ | |
n | |
?? | lesson |
[19] Lesson XIX |
Ojo | kén | ne | cchikivon | sarnim? | ||
ojo | kénillev | ne | cchikiv | -on | sarn | -im |
ˈod͡ʒo | ˈkɛnɪlɛv | nɛ | t͡ʃə̆t͡ʃiˈkiv | on | sɑɹn | mˈ̍ |
v | mi | v | n | n | pl | |
Y/N | see | OBJ: | play | :N | boy | PL |
Do you see the boys at play? |
Jhi, | kén'i | n'om. | Jhor'car | t'nom. | |||||
jhi | kénillev-ni | ne | no | -im | jhor- | car | te | no | -im |
ʒi | nɛ | no | mˈ̍ | ʒoɹ | kɑɹ | tɛ | no | mˈ̍ | |
mi | n | pl | cop | adj | conj | n | pl | ||
yes | ?? | OBJ: | it | PL | EQUIV: | five | and | it | PL |
Yes, I see them; there are five of them. |
Jhor'Tam | t'gor | ccat | 'yu | veiak | gir | mal | gyarov. | ||||
jhor- | Tam | te | gor | ccat | alun- | -yu | veia | keia | gir | mal | gyarov |
ʒoɹ | tɑm | tɛ | ɡoɹ | kə̆ˈkɑt | ɑˈlun | ju | ˈve.ɑ | ke.ɑ | ɡiɹ | mɑl | ɡjɑˈɹov |
cop | prop | conj | adj | adj | mi | mi | adv | adv | adj | adj | v |
EQUIV: | Tom | and | too | fat | PREV | phrase | GOAL: | :GOAL | more | of moderate speed | run |
Tom is too fat to run fast. |
Virevjeith | Nat | n'o. | |||
virev | -j- | -eith | Nat | ne | no |
vɪˈɹɛv | d͡ʒ | eθ | nɑt | nɛ | no |
v | part | prsn | prop | mi | n |
catch | able | acq ring | Nat | OBJ: | it |
Nat can catch him. |
Éjhni | ne | cchikiv | sarnim. | ||
éjhillev | -ni | ne | cchikiv | sarn | -im |
ˈɛʒɪlɛv | ni | nɛ | t͡ʃə̆t͡ʃiˈkiv | sɑɹn | mˈ̍ |
v | prsn | mi | v | n | pl |
enjoy | SELF | OBJ: | play | boy | PL |
I like to see boys play. |
[25] 20 | Eyen'lle | — Do'llav |
eyen'lle | do'llav | |
ɛjɛnlə̆ˈlɛ | dolə̆ˈlɑv | |
n | v | |
?? | lesson | review |
[25] Lesson XX — Review |
Sirev | Su | ne | chirejhen | t'lorsath | va. | |
sirev | Su | ne | chirejhen | te | lorsath | va |
sɪˈɹɛv | su | nɛ | t͡ʃiˈɹɛʒɛn | tɛ | vɑ | |
v | prop | mi | n | conj | n | |
have | Sue | OBJ: | toy | and | ?? | bird |
Sue has a doll and a pet bird. |
Sirev | chirejhen | seith | ne | biya | hishalle | t'chi | vaelesh. | ||
sirev | chirejhen | s- | -eith | ne | biya | hishalle | te | chi- | vaelesh |
sɪˈɹɛv | t͡ʃiˈɹɛʒɛn | s | eθ | nɛ | ˈbijɑ | hiˈʃɑl | tɛ | t͡ʃi | ˈvelɛʃ |
v | n | poss | prsn | mi | adj | n | conj | adj | n |
have | toy | POSS: | acq ring | OBJ: | new | dress | and | DIM | hat |
Her doll has a new dress and a cap. |
Illev | Su | ne | Meri, | t'vet | sirevteith | Su | erú | so'Meri | ne | chirejhen. | ||||
illev | Su | ne | Meri | te | vet | sirev | -t- | -eith | Su | erú | so- | Meri | ne | chirejhen |
iˈlɛv | su | nɛ | ˈmɛɹi | tɛ | vɛt | sɪˈɹɛv | t | eθ | su | so | ˈmɛɹi | nɛ | t͡ʃiˈɹɛʒɛn | |
v | prop | mi | prop | conj | adv | v | part | prsn | prop | poss | prop | mi | n | |
love | Sue | OBJ: | Mary | and | THEREFORE: | have | CAUS | acq ring | Sue | ?? | POSS: | Mary | OBJ: | toy |
Sue loves Mary, and will let her hold the doll. |
Lo'mmav | lorsath | va | ne | tachan. |
lo'mmav | lorsath | va | ne | tachan |
lomə̆ˈmɑv | vɑ | nɛ | ˈtɑt͡ʃɑn | |
v | n | mi | n | |
live | ?? | bird | OBJ: | cage |
The pet bird lives in the cage. |
Vilo'tachan | kyelsaev | Su | Meri, | t'ves | di'ay | jha'sshav | va. | ||
vilo | tachan | kyelsaev | Su | Meri | te | ves | di'ay | jha'sshav | va |
ˈvilo | ˈtɑt͡ʃɑn | kjɛlˈsev | su | ˈmɛɹi | tɛ | vɛs | diˈʔɑi | ʒɑʃə̆ˈʃɑv | vɑ |
adv | n | v | prop | prop | conj | adv | tns | v | n |
NEAR: | cage | stand | Sue | Mary | and | WHILE: | FUT | sing | bird |
Sue and Mary will stand by the cage, and the bird will sing. |
Jhor'vam | t'vae | haláin | 'sa | vilo'chiruman. | |||||
jhor- | va | -im | te | vae | haláin | alun- | -sa | vilo | chiruman |
ʒoɹ | vɑ | mˈ̍ | tɛ | ve | hɑˈlɑin | ɑˈlun | sɑ | ˈvilo | t͡ʃɪˈɹumɑn |
cop | n | pl | conj | adv | n | mi | mi | adv | n |
EQUIV: | bird | PL | and | WHERE: | tree | PREV | 1 | NEAR: | lake |
There are birds in the tree by the pond. |
Ojo | kén | n'o? | |
ojo | kénillev | ne | no |
ˈod͡ʒo | ˈkɛnɪlɛv | nɛ | no |
v | mi | n | |
Y/N | see | OBJ: | it |
Can you see them? |
Jhi. | Jhor'car | t'nom | 'sa | vae'va aea. | |||||
jhi | jhor- | car | te | no | -im | alun- | -sa | vae | va'aea |
ʒi | ʒoɹ | kɑɹ | tɛ | no | mˈ̍ | ɑˈlun | sɑ | ve | vɑˈʔe.ɑ |
cop | adj | conj | n | pl | mi | mi | adv | ||
yes | EQUIV: | five | and | it | PL | PREV | 1 | WHERE: | nest |
Yes; there are five of them in a nest. |
Di'ay | kr'sshaghov | Tam | ne | va'aea | so'va. | ||
di'ay | kre | sshaghov | Tam | ne | va'aea | so- | va |
diˈʔɑi | kɹɛ | ʃə̆ʃɑˈxov | tɑm | nɛ | vɑˈʔe.ɑ | so | vɑ |
tns | adj | v | prop | mi | poss | n | |
FUT | NEG: | steal | Tom | OBJ: | nest | POSS: | bird |
Tom will not rob a bird's nest. |
Jhor'no | t'gir | jhelle, | veia'vo. | |||
jhor- | no | te | gir | jhelle | veia | vo |
ʒoɹ | no | tɛ | ɡiɹ | ʒɛl | ˈve.ɑ | vo |
cop | n | conj | adj | adj | adv | pro |
EQUIV: | it | and | more | good | GOAL: | PRO-VERB |
He is too kind to do so. |